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Params: post, 294450, a:61:{i:0;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:4:"size";s:6:"option";s:1:"5";s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:8:"[SIZE=5]";i:1;s:7:"[/SIZE]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:1:"b";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:3:"[B]";i:1;s:4:"[/B]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:48:"几个特别容易被忽略的群体决策误区";}}}}i:1;s:2:"
";i:2;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:3:"img";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:5:"[IMG]";i:1;s:6:"[/IMG]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:64:"http://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-a188f1b1ac34ab6feeb167a2594c1de8_is.jpg";}}i:3;s:211:" 简单心理，这世界太虐了，我们想陪你一起，做点治愈的事情
你做过智商测试吗？你得了多少分？90？120？140？
得分低用不着难过，得分高也用别急着得意，";i:4;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:1:"b";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:3:"[B]";i:1;s:4:"[/B]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:66:"因为你的我的大家的智商，其实很容易就被清零。";}}i:5;s:22:"
怎么清零的？
";i:6;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:1:"b";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:3:"[B]";i:1;s:4:"[/B]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:87:"接下来给你介绍几个常见的、却特别容易被忽略的群体决策误区，";}}i:7;s:80:"你就能看见一群聪明鬼，如何轻而易举就能被清零智商。
-
";i:8;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:1:"b";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:3:"[B]";i:1;s:4:"[/B]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:1:"b";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:3:"[B]";i:1;s:4:"[/B]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:12:"多数无知";}}}}i:9;s:2:"
";i:10;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:1:"b";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:3:"[B]";i:1;s:4:"[/B]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:171:"多数无知（pluralistic ignorance）是 Katz 和 Allport 创造的术语，它是指在群体中，个人拒绝某种事物，但错误地假设其它人都接受它。";}}i:11;s:32:"
表现出来的现象即是，";i:12;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:1:"b";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:3:"[B]";i:1;s:4:"[/B]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:108:"某种群体中得到支持的看法和观点，实际上可能是大多数人私底下都是不支持的。";}}i:13;s:339:"
拿煮鸡蛋举例子。你和一群人一起煮一筐鸡蛋，这一群人都想要吃溏心蛋，但是没有人开口提议。
你也想要吃溏心蛋，但是你又担心其他人觉得溏心蛋不健康，所以你不打算说话，你先等一等，看看大家都是什么意见。
这时候有个聪明鬼说话了，他说，";i:14;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:1:"b";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:3:"[B]";i:1;s:4:"[/B]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:48:"“听说国内的鸡蛋都不大健康呢。”";}}i:15;s:167:"
周围的人纷纷对聪明鬼的说法表示认同，“对的都有很多致病菌”，或者“煮熟了才杀菌”，最后“煮鸡蛋一定要煮熟呢”，";i:16;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:1:"b";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:3:"[B]";i:1;s:4:"[/B]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:111:"你暗自庆幸之前没有提出想要吃溏心蛋的建议，并说，“对，全熟鸡蛋就是安全。”";}}i:17;s:2:"
";i:18;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:1:"b";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:3:"[B]";i:1;s:4:"[/B]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:96:"于是大家一致地表示了一番对全熟鸡蛋的信赖，并决定要吃全熟的鸡蛋。";}}i:19;s:2:"
";i:20;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:1:"b";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:3:"[B]";i:1;s:4:"[/B]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:150:"然而实际上，你们所有人，都不喜欢全熟鸡蛋，只是因为担心别人会讨厌溏心蛋，而提出了要煮全熟鸡蛋的意见。";}}i:21;s:118:"
要这时是没有人及时地出来说出实话，说不定你们就要吃大家都不喜欢的全熟蛋了。
-
";i:22;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:1:"b";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:3:"[B]";i:1;s:4:"[/B]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:1:"b";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:3:"[B]";i:1;s:4:"[/B]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:36:"内群体偏好和错误共识效应";}}}}i:23;s:2:"
";i:24;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:1:"b";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:3:"[B]";i:1;s:4:"[/B]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:109:"内群体偏好（in-group favoritism），是指比起外群体的人，个体会更喜欢内群体成员。";}}i:25;s:2:"
";i:26;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:1:"b";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:3:"[B]";i:1;s:4:"[/B]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:78:"因为发现大家都喜欢溏心蛋，你对这个群体的喜欢增加了。";}}i:27;s:271:"你觉得这是“我们”了，“我们”一群喜欢吃溏心蛋的人聚在一起，煮这一筐鸡蛋。
还有什么好说的呢，来聊一聊天吧。越聊你看身边的人就越喜欢，觉得“我们”这个群体可真是棒，都是一群聪明蛋。
";i:28;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:1:"b";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:3:"[B]";i:1;s:4:"[/B]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:87:"这么一想，那不喜欢溏心蛋的那些外群体，可能就有一点问题了。";}}i:29;s:170:"溏心蛋这么好，被一群这么好的人喜欢，这就说明不喜欢它的人肯定哪里不对劲。
你觉得不喜欢溏心蛋的人一定都有毛病，这是";i:30;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:1:"b";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:3:"[B]";i:1;s:4:"[/B]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:18:"外群体贬低。";}}i:31;s:30:"外群体贬低很容易导致";i:32;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:1:"b";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:3:"[B]";i:1;s:4:"[/B]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:148:"错误共识效应（false consensus effect），即你可能会误会，“不喜欢溏心蛋的人都有毛病”这种想法，是普世共识。";}}i:33;s:282:"
即，你可能会误以为，全天下的人都知道溏心蛋是个高贵的玩意，不喜欢它那就是有毛病。你也可能会对不喜欢溏心蛋的人充满偏见，认为他们做的事情一无是处。
看见了吗？你已经一点一点开始变成笨蛋了。
";i:34;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:3:"img";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:5:"[IMG]";i:1;s:6:"[/IMG]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:64:"https://pic2.zhimg.com/v2-ae419679b7fad5cacf7096bdd1cd5949_b.gif";}}i:35;s:2:"
";i:36;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:1:"b";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:3:"[B]";i:1;s:4:"[/B]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:1:"b";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:3:"[B]";i:1;s:4:"[/B]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:12:"群体极化";}}}}i:37;s:80:"
如果再这样发展下去，渐渐地你们这个溏心蛋爱好小团体，";i:38;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:1:"b";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:3:"[B]";i:1;s:4:"[/B]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:36:"就有几率变成拜溏心蛋教。";}}i:39;s:65:"群体极化为拜溏心蛋教的出世提供了心理基础。
";i:40;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:1:"b";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:3:"[B]";i:1;s:4:"[/B]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:99:"群体极化（group polarization）是指，群体决策可能比个体决策更容易走极端。";}}i:41;s:416:"即，你和一群人讨论最终我们要怎么煮这筐鸡蛋的时候，最后做出的决定可能会比你自己决定时更加冒险，或者更加保守。
“我们要吃溏心蛋！”有人会说，“我们把它们煮成溏心蛋！”
“没错！”有人附和，“让不喜欢溏心蛋的人看看溏心蛋有多棒！”
“溏心蛋即正义！”你们有了口号，“溏心蛋赛高！”
";i:42;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:1:"b";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:3:"[B]";i:1;s:4:"[/B]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:165:"其实你可能没有那么喜欢溏心蛋，在这种氛围里，你也会渐渐觉得，溏心蛋真是宇宙至理，是每个煮蛋的人应该遵守的准则。";}}i:43;s:128:"
接着，可能会有过于狂热的教徒振臂高呼：“我们要做终极溏心蛋！”接着大家群情激动起来，";i:44;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:1:"b";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:3:"[B]";i:1;s:4:"[/B]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:150:"最后决定要做一锅连蛋白都还在流淌的终极溏心蛋——这个极端到你自己一个人的时候可能想都不会去想的决定。";}}i:45;s:149:"
当然，最后你们可能会吃了不健康的生鸡蛋而上吐下泻，但是做决定的时候你们可能已经不会思考到这一层了。";i:46;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:1:"b";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:3:"[B]";i:1;s:4:"[/B]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:51:"因为群体已经把聪明鬼们，都变笨啦。";}}i:47;s:2:"
";i:48;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:1:"b";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:3:"[B]";i:1;s:4:"[/B]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:1:"-";}}i:49;s:204:"
看吧，现在你手中那枚鸡蛋，就是你的智商测试得分。
好啦，知道你并不是这样的傻瓜蛋啦，我开玩笑的，这里只是给你科普一些社会心理学小知识。
";i:50;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:1:"b";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:3:"[B]";i:1;s:4:"[/B]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:87:"你有什么在群体里变成傻瓜蛋的事情吗？欢迎在留言里和我分享～";}}i:51;s:124:"
参考文献
Brewer, M. B. (1979). In-group bias in the minimal intergroup situation: a cognitive-motivational analysis. ";i:52;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:1:"i";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:3:"[I]";i:1;s:4:"[/I]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:25:"Psychological Bulletin,86";}}i:53;s:171:"(2), 307-324.
Marks, G., & Miller, N. (1987). "ten years of research on the false-consensus effect: an empirical and theoretical review": correction to marks and miller. ";i:54;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:1:"i";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:3:"[I]";i:1;s:4:"[/I]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:26:"Psychological Bulletin,102";}}i:55;s:75:"(1), 72-90.
Miller, D. T., & Mcfarland, C. (1987). Pluralistic ignorance. ";i:56;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:1:"i";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:3:"[I]";i:1;s:4:"[/I]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:45:"Journal of Personality & Social Psychology,53";}}i:57;s:58:".
Sunstein, C. R. (2002). The law of group polarization. ";i:58;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:1:"i";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:3:"[I]";i:1;s:4:"[/I]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:34:"Journal of Political Philosophy,10";}}i:59;s:17:"(2), 175–195.
";i:60;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:3:"url";s:6:"option";s:36:"http://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/34037601";s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:44:"[URL='http://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/34037601']";i:1;s:6:"[/URL]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:18:"查看知乎讨论";}}}, 1621686945, 1714921813
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