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Params: post, 309647, a:31:{i:0;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:3:"img";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:5:"[IMG]";i:1;s:6:"[/IMG]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:64:"http://pic3.zhimg.com/v2-16260ceed3f96ed0be5c80cbf6ce702a_is.jpg";}}i:1;s:69:" 汽车产品汪,热衷于做PM的汽车Product M Dog…(´▽`) ";i:2;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:3:"url";s:6:"option";s:57:"https://www.zhihu.com/question/26640735/answer/1105024354";s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:65:"[URL='https://www.zhihu.com/question/26640735/answer/1105024354']";i:1;s:6:"[/URL]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:12:"阅读原文";}}i:3;s:392:"
对于这个问题,如果题主的意思是后期改装,那就没什么意思了,所以我来从产品开发的角度考虑,为什么不能改成 iPad。
那么对于这个问题,其实不是没有车没想过,最早 Model S 就是因为马斯克从苹果手机吸取灵感,思考为何不在车里面设置一个这样可触控的车载大屏,当然他也这么做了。
";i:4;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:3:"img";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:5:"[IMG]";i:1;s:6:"[/IMG]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:66:"http://pic3.zhimg.com/70/v2-180206f72644ee193e550eb24836c3ce_b.jpg";}}i:5;s:55:"
马斯克这么考虑主要有以下两种考虑:
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[*]激进的电动化和智能化策略,越是减少车内物理按键,越容易提升车内智能化水平,且能够不断升级优化;
[*]大屏操作替代了物理按键,对于按键的布局以及装配,甚至包括对产品研发的时间的宽容度,都会带来极大的便利性。
";}}i:7;s:203:"
但是,把车载大屏当成平板电脑并发挥到极致的还不是特斯拉,而是比亚迪,不仅可以做车辆操控,还能够吃鸡,甚至下载各种同手机 APP,畅所欲玩。
";i:8;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:3:"img";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:5:"[IMG]";i:1;s:6:"[/IMG]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:66:"http://pic1.zhimg.com/70/v2-1246012807ad6b0ac9275337be9b1634_b.jpg";}}i:9;s:2:"
";i:10;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:3:"img";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:5:"[IMG]";i:1;s:6:"[/IMG]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:66:"http://pic2.zhimg.com/70/v2-fd2278be3955b9664bd3450fa66e3fe9_b.jpg";}}i:11;s:270:"
说到这里,我们会发现并不是所有车企都愿意把车载大屏做成平板电脑的,而且我们也能注意到,就算是最早考虑车载大屏的特斯拉,也是非常有节制的。
这里面有很多原因,我挑主要的给大家道来。
";i:12;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:1:"b";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:3:"[B]";i:1;s:4:"[/B]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:49:"1、传统能源汽车电子架构冗余度有限";}}i:13;s:291:"
对于传统汽车来说,电子架构仍处于分布式的初级结构。对于这种结构来说,车内有过多的 ECU 信号,信号越多对于车辆控制影响越大。所以如果传统能源的车辆想做,对电子架构以及网络协议带宽都是有一定要求的。
";i:14;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:1:"b";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:3:"[B]";i:1;s:4:"[/B]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:106:"2、对于功能安全有极大风险,一种你看不见的感知不到的却是非常重要的安全。";}}i:15;s:263:"
对于国产汽车,其实功能安全这一项技术储备与国外品牌仍相距甚远。这项安全顾名思义,就是指功能方面的安全,具体是指功能失效方面。那么也就是说,这是为了防患于未然的工作,要考虑功能";i:16;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:1:"b";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:3:"[B]";i:1;s:4:"[/B]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:15:"可能会失效";}}i:17;s:283:"的方方面面来以防万一。
而对于像特斯拉这样的软件定义汽车的企业来讲,都要花费大量精力在电子方面的安全性,会花钱悬赏黑客破解,更不要提比亚迪这种开放式系统,非常容易被黑,而且已经被黑过几次。
";i:18;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:3:"img";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:5:"[IMG]";i:1;s:6:"[/IMG]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:66:"http://pic4.zhimg.com/70/v2-e8e3d2da8ac545e05bb3cb65a985a8e3_b.jpg";}}i:19;s:130:"
大家不要觉得这种是小事,像手机被黑顶多泄漏个人信息,而汽车被黑,是会带来生命危险的!
";i:20;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:1:"b";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:3:"[B]";i:1;s:4:"[/B]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:241:"3、行车和娱乐对于大屏的真实使用场景并不相同。出于安全考虑,不能用 iPad 大屏替代物理按键。物理按键可帮助驾驶员形成肌肉记忆,有声音和触感的反馈,减少驾驶中视觉负担。";}}i:21;s:404:"
因为车载大屏属于“软按键”,没有触觉反馈,所以在操作时视线要集中所操作的按键上,并等待,或时不时查看反馈。
如果我们假设用户以平均车速 60Km/h 的速度在城市道路行驶,视线离开前方道路 3 秒钟,则相当于闭着眼睛行驶了 50 米。
根据美国国家公路交通安全管理局(NHTSA) 在 2019 年 4 月发布的";i:22;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:1:"b";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:3:"[B]";i:1;s:4:"[/B]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:40:"Distracted Driving inFatal Crashes, 2017";}}i:23;s:92:"报告中显示,在 2017 年因驾驶注意力分散导致的致命事故占比为 9%。
";i:24;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:3:"img";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:5:"[IMG]";i:1;s:6:"[/IMG]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:66:"http://pic4.zhimg.com/70/v2-274eb12e3fe50c6a2e3cb9fda7189833_b.jpg";}}i:25;s:306:"
所以在车内电子设备越来越多、功能越来越丰富的情况下,NHTSA 对驾驶员的驾驶安全表示担忧。
而在现阶段,尚未实现自动驾驶阶段,如果因为行驶中操作车载大屏出现了安全问题,车企也是难辞其咎,也难以逃避负面舆论的。
";i:26;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:1:"b";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:3:"[B]";i:1;s:4:"[/B]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:202:"4、成本问题。一方面汽车类电子产品与消费类并不相同,汽车类出于“车规级”的要求远高于消费类电子产品,那么相应的就会产品开发慢,成本更高。";}}i:27;s:838:"
比如说 3000 元对于一个平板电脑来说并不算什么,但是放在车上面作为一个功能配置来说,这简直是天文数字了。
而且这还是单一配置成本,如果考虑到现阶段情况,做了车载大屏体验不好要挨骂,不做觉得科技配置不够丰富。如果想真的做到 iPad 的体验,那就需要改变电子架构,采用更先进车载芯片,优化最底层操作系统等等,同样也会涉及部门组织调整,这样对于一家车企来说,就不仅仅是天文数字,而是企业战略意义了。
所以这么来说,这就是为什么现在大家看到的,车载大屏要么半吊子,要么就不配置的主要原因。
那么再其次,刚才我们有提到“车规级”概念,我曾在下面的回答链接中讲述过,在此不再赘述。
";i:28;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:3:"url";s:6:"option";s:57:"https://www.zhihu.com/question/267447571/answer/938459752";s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:65:"[URL='https://www.zhihu.com/question/267447571/answer/938459752']";i:1;s:6:"[/URL]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:69:"为什么汽车上的交互系统不能做的像手机一样流畅?";}}i:29;s:804:"
但是,车规级的要求带来的开发周期更长,试验验证更加负责且苛刻,所对应的开发成本就会高出很多,同时也就是说车规级的产品,如果不是单独为汽车所开发,而是在消费类电子产品的基础上做车规级开发,不可能会带来电子产品的体验。
这也就是说,为什么手机芯片高通的最新一代是 865,而车规级是搭载量产车型的是 820A,刚刚量产还未上车的是 8155,这些都远比 865 落后。再比如说康宁大猩猩面板,在手机上已经到达第五代还是第六代了,而车机上的使用还是在第三代。
综上,可以看出至少基于这四点,车企开发车规级的 iPad 是非常不容易的,也是车企现阶段不愿意投入开发的主要原因。
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